Context: All over the the world, preterm Birth is a major cause of death and important neurodevelopmental disorders. Approximately 9.6% (12.9 million) Births worldwide are preterm.Evidence Acquisition: In this review, databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, ISI, Scopus, Google Scholar and Iranian databases including Iranmedex, and SID were researched to review relevant literature. A comprehensive search was performed using combinations of various keywords.Results: Cerebral palsy especially spastic diplegia, intellectual disability, visual (retinopathy of prematurity) and hearing impairments are the main neurodevelopmental disorders associated with prematurity.Conclusions: The increased survival of preterm infants was not associated with lower complications. There is now increasing evidence of sustained adverse outcomes into school age and adolescence, for preterm infants.

The Birth and delivery plan is the center of clinical communication between the pregnant woman and the midwife, which is in the scope of health care services and is designed and provided to specialists with the participation of the woman and her husband during pregnancy. This document reflects the preferences, expectations, and fears of pregnant women regarding the Birth process. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the maternal and neonatal outcomes of the Birth plan: a review study. In this review study, Persian databases Magiran, SID, and English databases Pubmed, Scopus, SID Elsevier, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar search engine using English keywords including Maternal outcome, neonatal outcome, Birth schedule, delivery plan, Birth plan, and their Persian equivalents were searched from 2000 to 2022. Numerous studies were selected and analyzed in a quantitative and qualitative manner that was related to the purpose of the present study in terms of content. Among 948 articles, 13 of the most relevant ones were selected and analyzed for this study. The results of the review of the studies showed that the Birth plan has an effect on women's empowerment, satisfaction with childBirth, positive experience of childBirth, cesarean section rate, epidural use rate, episiotomy rate, Apgar, and umbilical cord pH of the newborn. The maternal and neonatal consequences of the Birth plan prevail over its negative consequences, and the use of the Birth plan can increase women's empowerment, satisfaction with childBirth, positive experience of childBirth, and reduce the rate of cesarean section and negative maternal-neonatal consequences.

Background: Preterm Birth and fetal growth impairment have recently been subjects for research concerning mental illness. Although much is known about the public health burden of preterm Birth in childhood and adolescence, less is known about longer-term mental health outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether individuals who were preterm at Birth were more likely to have adverse clinical outcomes at school-age than individuals who were full term at Birth.Methods: We compared 27 infants who were born before 37 weeks of gestational age, 16 of whom were boys and 11 of whom were girls, with 27 term counterparts matched on sex- and age. Children behavior was assessed at an average age of 8.5 years with the Child Behavioral Checklist. Findings: Preterm Birth significantly was associated with an increased risk of full-scale (anxious/depressed problems, withdrawn/depressed problems, somatic complaints, social problems, thought problems, attention problem, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior) and preterm-born children showed increases in the levels of externalizing and internalizing behaviors.Conclusion: We found that in comparison with control subjects, children born preterm exhibited higher levels of behavioral problems. The perinatal course of these children may shed some light on the mechanisms underlying these differences. Proposed mechanisms for the effect of preterm Birth on neuropsychiatric disorders include a disturbance of the programmed corticogenesis of the developing brain.